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Civil Liability Insurance in Quebec: complete 2025 guide
Civil liability insurance is one of the most fundamental protections for both individuals and businesses in Quebec. Without it, a single accident can expose you to personal liability of hundreds of thousands of dollars. Brokers from our partner brokerages compare the best policies on the market to offer you coverage suited to your situation.
What is civil liability insurance?
Civil liability (CL) insurance protects your personal assets or your business when you unintentionally cause damage to a third party — whether bodily, material or financial. Under the Civil Code of Quebec (art. 1457), every person is required to make reparation for injury caused to another by their fault.
The insurer covers two types of costs: compensation for the victim (damages) and legal defense costs (lawyers, experts). The latter can exceed $100,000 for a lawsuit, even if you are ultimately cleared.
The 4 types of civil liability in Quebec
1. Personal civil liability
Included in your home insurance policy, it protects you in daily life: damage caused at friends’ homes, injuries inflicted by your dog, bicycle accidents causing harm to a pedestrian. Standard coverage ranges from $1M to $2M per event.
2. Commercial (general) civil liability
It protects your business against claims from clients, suppliers or passersby who are injured or whose property is damaged in the course of your operations. Essential for any store, office, restaurant, worksite or service provider.
3. Professional civil liability (E&O)
Also called errors & omissions insurance, it covers professional faults: bad advice, calculation errors, omissions or negligence in the delivery of your services. Mandatory for many professions in Quebec: accountants (CPA), engineers, architects, notaries, brokers.
4. Product civil liability
For manufacturers, importers and distributors, it covers claims related to injuries or damage caused by your products, even after they are sold. It is critical coverage for any business selling physical goods in Canada or the United States.
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Recommended coverage amounts by profile
| Profile | Recommended limit | Main reasons |
|---|---|---|
| Individual / tenant | $1M to $2M | Water damage, injuries at home |
| Owner-occupant | $2M to $3M | Liability toward visitors |
| SMB, services, retail | $2M to $5M | Clients, suppliers, passersby |
| Subcontractor / builder | $5M | Requirement of project owners |
| Regulated professional | $1M to $5M | Requirement of the professional order |
| Manufacturer / exporter | $5M or more | Product claims in Canada/U.S. |
Note: some government contracts and project owners require minimum coverage levels verifiable through a certificate of insurance. Your broker can issue this document quickly.
What CL insurance covers — and what it excludes
Covered
- Accidental bodily injury caused to a third party (fractures, hospitalizations, permanent aftereffects)
- Accidental material damage (destruction, deterioration of property belonging to others)
- Legal defense costs, even if you are not found at fault
- Claims related to your products or services (depending on the plan)
- Damage caused by your employees in the course of their duties
Excluded (common exclusions)
- Intentional or fraudulent damage
- Claims from your own staff (covered by CNESST)
- Pollution and environmental contamination (requires separate coverage)
- Damage to your own property (covered by property insurance)
- Claims between shareholders or partners of the same business
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Resources and useful links
- Business insurance in Quebec
- Industrial insurance
- Home-based worker insurance
- Home insurance (CL included)
- Auto insurance
- Insurance broker in Quebec
- applicable regulator
- Insurance Bureau of Canada (IBC)
- Civil Code of Quebec
Frequently asked questions — civil liability insurance Quebec
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